It is great to have my family over here. They arrived safe and sound, albeit somewhat tired, on Wednesday (May 4). Since family is on my mind, I thought I'd tell you the little bit I know (with a little help from the web) about family life in the Zulu culture.
Traditionally, the Zulu culture is a patriarchal one. The man would be both the head of the family and the figure of authority. If he can afford it, a man may be married to more than one wife. This shows not only his wealth, but his social standing and virility as well. Women would be responsible for the running of the household, tending the fields, all the food and the raising of the children. The first wife will initiate the acquisition of further wives as they are a help around the house. She, along with the grandmother exerts a powerful influence in the family.
Each wife has her own hut, located in order of standing from the husband's hut, she also has her own fields, herd and cooks only for her immediate family.
In modern times there is a wide range of "typical families" from the traditional to what we would term a familiar western family.
If I was a Zulu child
my mother would be my mother.....
my mother's sisters would be my "Little Mothers"
and my mother's brothers would be my uncles.
My father's brothers are my "Little Fathers"
and his sisters would be my aunties.
A grandmothers is called a "granny" or in Zulu, gogo. I haven't heard a special name for grandfather.
Many people in the 25 -45 age range have died of HIV/AIDS. That leaves many children without their birth mother. In cases like this, children will be cared for by a "little mother" or perhaps by their gogo. There are also a variety of orphanages in the area.
In my little class alone, there are 3 students for sure whose mothers have died and at least 1 without a father. 1 girl has lost her mother and her grandmother. She is cared for by her little mother. This person also has a daughter in our class. The 2 girls refer to each other as sisters. In N. American terminology they would be first cousins. Many children are also cared for by their granny, even though their mother's are alive. Some of these mother's work in the big city and only return home occasionally.
I'm sure there are other configurations and family arrangements but these are just a few I'm aware of.
Lobola
Traditionally, Lobola is the practice of having a man pay the future father-in-law with cattle, for a wife. If the wife is deficient in any way, (including being unable to have children) the father-in-law is expected to make a replacement available or more likely, refund some or all of the cattle.
The cattle are used to pay the father-in-law for the expense of his daughter's upbringing and the loss of her services.
The lobola is still in practice today. (I'm not sure how extensively....) A man will go and visit the father of his sweetheart and ask to marry her. The father will name his price. Negotiations will take place often with a 3rd party to help. The more educated etc. the young woman, the more she is worth. These days the payment is just as likely to include a fancy car as cattle. Most young men cannot afford the "asking price." What often happens is that the couple live together, have their family etc., all the while they are saving to pay the woman's father. When the couple finally have enough money (and it might take 20 years!!) the father is paid and a wedding can occur. At times, the couple loses much of what they have - because it is needed to pay the father.
It seems to me that what started as a way for the husband to let a family know he was serious and was willing and able to care for their daughter, has morphed into what at times seems like a selfish money grab. But then, it is not part of my culture.....
Dad - if you are reading this..... so sorry -- too late. :-)
Mother's Day is also being celebrated in S. Africa this Sunday (May 8/11). Happy Mother's Day!!!